STATS Final Exam

1. A sales manager for an advertising agency believes that there is a relationship between the number of contacts that a salesperson makes and the amount of sales dollars earned. What is the dependent variable?• number of contacts• amount of sales dollars• sales managers• salesperson2. The manager of Paul’s fruit and vegetable store is considering the purchase of a new seedless watermelon from a wholesale distributor. Since this seedless watermelon costs $4, will sell for $7, and is highly perishable, he only expects to sell between six and nine of them. What is the opportunity loss for purchasing nine watermelons when the demand is for seven watermelons?• 8• 0• 4• 123. A machine is set to fill the small-size packages of M&M candies with 56 candies per bag. A sample revealed three bags of 56, two bags of 57, one bag of 55, and two bags of 58. To test the hypothesis that the mean candies per bag is 56, how many degrees of freedom are there?• 7• 9• 1• 84. Checklists with several items to be considered by respondents may be subject to _____. • leniency effects• recency effects• halo effects• primacy effects5. When data is collected using a qualitative, nominal variable, what is true about a frequency distribution that summarizes the data?• The “5 to the k rule” can be applied.• A pie chart can be used to summarize the data.• The number of classes is equal to the number of variables plus 2.• The upper and lower class limits must be calculated6. Kroger, a grocery store chain, wants to identify the ideal store layout for increasing store sales. Because it primarily uses two store designs, one a grid layout with vertical aisles divided by a center aisle and another using a traditional straight-aisle pattern, Kroger will match pairs of stores that have different designs but similar shopper demographics and location. Sales from each pair will then be compared to determine if store design is related to sales. Which type of study is this an example of?• Exploratory study• Ex post facto study• Longitudinal study• Case study7. Which of the following goals should a good survey instrument accomplish?• Encourage participants to end the survey when they feel they have contributed enough information• Encourage each participant to provide accurate responses• Encourage participants to answer only those questions they are comfortable answering• Encourage participants to be succinct in their responses8. A linear trend equation is used to represent time series values when the data are changing by equal what?• amounts• proportions• percents and proportions• percents9. BankChoice is concerned about stagnating profits and asks, “How can profitability be improved?” This is an example of a(n) _____.• investigative question• management question• research question• measurement question10. In a multiple rating list scale, ____. • the data generated are always ordinal• participants rate multiple items on a 3-point scale• it is possible to visualize the results better than with other numerical scales• the participant is restricted to circling their rating11. For any chi-square goodness-of-fit test, the number of degrees of freedom is found by ______. • k -1• n + 1• n + k• n – k – 112. As the size of the sample increases, what happens to the shape of the distribution of sample means?• It is negatively skewed• It is positively skewed• It cannot be predicted in advance• It approaches a normal distribution13. A firm offers routine physical examinations as part of a health service program for its employees. The exams showed that 8% of the employees needed corrective shoes, 15% needed major dental work, and 3% needed both corrective shoes and major dental work. What is the probability that an employee selected at random will need either corrective shoes or major dental work?• 1.00• .25• .50• .2014. A ranking scale is a scale that _____. • groups concepts according to specific criteria• scores an object without making a direct comparison to another object• groups participants• scores an object by making a comparison and determining order among two or more objects15. What is the interpretation of a 96% confidence level?• Approximately 96 out of 100 such intervals would include the true value of the population parameter.• There’s a 4% chance that the given interval does not include the true value of the population parameter.• The interval contains 96% of all sample means.• There’s a 96% chance that the given interval includes the true value of the population parameter.16. For a chi-square test involving a contingency table, suppose the null hypothesis is rejected. We conclude that the two variables are __________. • curvilinear• not related• related• linear17. Consider a regression analysis, where the correlation coefficient is 0.18. Then, the coefficient of determination is _______. • .424• 1.16• .0324• .3618. An experimental study is one that _____. • discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much• attempts to capture a population’s characteristics by making inferences from a sample’s characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses• attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another• involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable19. Sam’s Club installed self-checkout stations that can track not only member’s purchases but also packaging problems, as the system uses universal product codes to match the item the shopper has in their cart with its price and inventory level in the store, generating a spreadsheet style report for the researcher. If you consider the scanner as the tool for collecting data for Sam’s researchers, they are doing data entry by ____. • Optical Character Recognition• Field editing• Voice recognition• spreadsheet20. A random sample of size 15 is selected from a normal population. The population standard deviation is unknown. Assume the null hypothesis indicates a two-tailed test and the researcher decided to use the 0.10 significance level. For what values of t will the null hypothesis not be rejected?• To the left of -1.282 or to the right of 1.282• To the left of -1.345 or to the right of 1.345• Between -1.761 and 1.761• To the left of -1.645 or to the right of 1.64521. A random sample of 20 items is selected from a population. When computing a confidence interval for the population mean, what number of degrees of freedom should be used to determine the appropriate t-value?• 19• 25• 21• 2022. In multiple regression analysis, when the independent variables are highly correlated, this situation is called __________________. • curvilinearity• multicollinearity• autocorrelation• homoscedasticity23. The question, “Should products be withdrawn if even one death is associated with its prescribed use, even if no fault for the tampered product accrues to the manufacturer?” is an example of a(n) _____. • unresearchable question• ill-defined problem• favored-technique problem• strip data mining issue24. The monthly salaries of a sample of 100 employees were rounded to the nearest $10. They ranged from a low of $1,040 to a high of $1,720. If we want to condense the data into seven classes, what is the most convenient class interval?• $50• $150• $100• $20025. Which of the following is a characteristic of the F distribution?• Equal to the t-distribution• Positively skewed• Negatively skewed• Normally distributed26. The weekly incomes of a large group of executives are normally distributed with a mean of $2,000 and a standard deviation of $100. What is the z-score for an income of $2,100?• 2.00• -0.90• 1.00• 1.68327. A large department store examined a sample of the 18 credit card sales and recorded the amounts charged for each of three types of credit cards: MasterCard, Visa, and Discover. Six MasterCard sales, seven Visa, and five Discover sales were recorded. The store used an ANOVA to test if the mean sales for each credit card were equal. What are the degrees of freedom for the F statistic?• 18 in the numerator, 3 in the denominator• 3 in the numerator, 18 in the denominator• 2 in the numerator, 15 in the denominator• 6 in the numerator, 15 in the denominator28. Which of the following is most appropriately displayed with a frequency table?• The relationship between gender and job performance• The home location of the most valuable customers• How much explanatory value comes from the study’s variables• 29. What percentage of people prefer Hunt’s brand ketchupIf an ANOVA test is conducted and the null hypothesis is rejected, what does this indicate?• The population means are equal.• The p-value is less than a.• At least one pair of population means is different.• All population means are different.30. Bones Brothers & Associates prepare individual tax returns. Over prior years, Bones Brothers has maintained careful records regarding the time to prepare a return. The mean time to prepare a return is 90 minutes and the standard deviation of this distribution is 14 minutes. Suppose 100 returns from this year are selected and analyzed regarding the preparation time. What assumption do you need to make about the shape of the population distribution of all possible tax preparation times to make inferences about the mean time to complete a tax form?• The population distribution is skewed to the left.• The population distribution is normal.• The population distribution is skewed to the right.• The shape of the population distribution does not matter.