When people are just concerned with compliance with laws

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your
answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. When
people are just concerned with compliance with laws or professional
standards (e.g. codes of ethics), what
level of ethics is involved?
b. aspirational

c. mandatory

d. principled

e. unprincipled

2. Which
one of the following statements is NOT CONSISTENT with the
philosophy of Nietzsche?
a. the
theory of evolution
b. we
should be assisting the development of survival of the fittest
c. we
should be directed by pity
d. the
weak and the failures should perish
3. When
there is a discussion of “theory” as related to judgments of right
and
wrong, the discussion is probably one of:
a. philosophical
morality
b. professional
ethics
c. common
morality
d. philosophical
ethics
e. none
of the above
4. Which
of the following is NOT listed in your text as part of the professional
structure which governs ethics for
counselors?
a. the
courts
b. colleges
and universities
c. professional
organizations that maintain and enforce a mandatory code of
ethics
d. professional
regulatory bodies that are enforcers of mandatory codes
e. none
of the above
5. There
are different types of accreditation. Beyond a college or university’s
accreditation to offer degrees, there is
accreditation for programs, typically
called:
a. diplomate
accreditation
b. professional
accreditation
c. specialty
accreditation
d. board
approval
1

f.

6. The
oldest and most widely recognized professional counseling specialty
designation is the credential.
a. A.C.A.

b. ASPS

c. C.R.C.C.

d. C.R.C.

e. M.F.T.

7. A
voluntary means for professionals to identify themselves as trained and
qualified specialists is:
a. licensure

b. certification

c. internship

d. accreditation

e. none
of the above
8. Which
professional(s) can NOT legitimately, by nature of standard training
and practice, perform psychometric
assessment?
a. social
worker
b. counselor

c. psychologist

d. marriage
and family therapist
e. none
of the above
9. The
ASPP and ASPS credential applies to which field of mental health
specialty?
a. Marriage
and Family Therapy
b. Psychology

c. Psychiatry

d. Social
Work
e. Psychiatric
Nursing
10. Which
of the following degrees does NOT indicate legitimate doctoral level
training to be a licensed Psychologist?
a. Ph.D.

b. Ed.D.

c. Psy.D

d. none
of the above
2

g.
–
Professional Eth ics and the Law
11. Which of the following statements is
TRUE?
a. Counselors
can ethically practice any specialty in counseling, even without
appropriate specialty training, if it is
within the scope of practice of their
license.
b. Cottone
and Tarvydas believe the terms “dual” and “multiple”
relationships should be abandoned.
c. Avoiding
detrimental relationships with clients relates to the ethical
principle of justice more than
nonmaleficence.
d. People
who refuse recommended counseling services must be coerced.
12. When a judge orders an ex offender to
undergo therapy as part of the ex-
offender’s rehabilitation, this is called:
a. expert
order of protection
b. compulsory
therapy
c. professional
responsi bi I ity
d. legal
privilege
13. Professional competence by definition
involves:
a. the
quality of provided services
b. boundaries
of professional activity
c. confidentiality

d. informed
consent
e. a
and b
14. Having sex with a client is:
a. unethical
counseling practice
b. only
allowed after the client and therapist relationship has been
terminated for at least one year
c. acceptable
with a written agreement and a waiver of ethical rights
d. none
of the above
15. The Tarasoff decision refers to what?
a. The
duty of an ethics board to suspend licensure after a clear ethics
violation.
b. The
duty of a therapist to keep confidentiality even when called as a
witness in court cases.
c. The
duty of a therapist to break confidentiality when someone makes a
direct threat.
d. none
of the above
3

h.
–
Professional Eth ies and the Law
16. A counselor’s primary responsibility is
to the:
a. third
party if they are the ones paying the bill
b. judge
who subpoenas a case file
c. family
of a competent adult client seen in individual counseling
d. client,
and the client only
e. all
of the above
17. The
term that pertains to the legal right of clients to prevent their confidential
communications from being revealed in legal
proceedings is:
a. privacy

b. confidentiality

c. privileged
communication
d. informed
consent
18. When
assessing a client’s potential for harm, Beauchamp and Childress
recommend the counselor assess primarily
which element(s)?
a. probability
of harm
b. physical
vs. psychological nature of harm
c. magnitude
of harm
d. both
a and c are correct
19. According
to Welch (2003), one of the most common types of malpractice
liability in treatment services for mental
health professionals is:
a. fraudulent
billing
b. dual
relationships
c. family
treatment and forensic situations
d. group
counseling
20. Which
of the following conditions is NOT a required element of informed
consent?
a. capacity

b. voluntariness

c. comprehension

d. literacy

4

i.

2l.
law addresses conduct required
by or prohibited by all
individuals and is enforced by governmental
legal authorities.
a. Professional

b. Case

c. Civil
law
d. Criminal

22.
Client values determine the of
counseling.
a. content

b. level
of progress
c. process

d. all
of the above
23.
Counselor values tend to determine the of
counseling.
a. process

b. content

c. level
of professionalism
d. rate
of progress
24. Principle
ethics can be said to be based primarily upon which of the
following?
a. western
culture
b. religion

c. male-oriented
worldview
d. all
of the above
e. a
and conly
25. Why has the ethics of care approach
been criticized?
a. The
focus is primarily societal with lack of concern for the individual.
b. Application
is limited to the health sciences.
c. There
is a lack of a coherent definition.
d. all
of the above
5

j.

26. The
ethical decision-making model introduced by Cottone is based upon what
theoretical model?
a. general
psychologically based models
b. post-positivism

c. social
constructivism
d. none
of the above
27. Ethical
decision making models often provide a series of steps for making an
ethical choice, however they may fail to
describe which of the following:
a. the
consequences that can occur when an ineffective course of action is
taken
b. how
the choice in a specific course of action occurs (an exploratory frame
work for the decision process itself)
c. how
values are weighed by the decision maker
d. all
of the above
28. According
to the social constructivism process in ethical decision making,
when consensualizing fails, then parties
may engage in reflective interaction
to
_
a. accompl
ish an agreement on the decision to be made
b. determine
whether arbitration should be undertaken
c. be
able to make the decision on their own
d. hold
firm to their original position
29. Ethical dilemmas are atn).
a. sign
of the importance of professional judgment
b. failure
of ethical codes
c. affirmation
that one is “practicing” a profession
d. only
a and c of the above
e. all
of the above
30. Hare
argued that the intuitive level of everyday decision making was not
sufficient and is superceded by another
level of moral decision making. What
is that level?
a. reflective

b. critical
thinking
c. consu
Itative
d. fact
finding
6

k.

31. Cottone’s model of ethical decision
making is based on:
a. purely
social-relational model
b. purely
relational theory
c. ethical
principles
d. psychologically-based
ethical decision making
32. When
colleagues engage in bullying, harassment, or emotional abuse of an
individual within the workplace, this would
be described as:
a. a
normal difference of opinion that occasionally occurs within a
workplace
b. individuals
who are experiencing conflict due to holding similar values
c. relational
issues that are normal when people work closely with one an
other
d. a
case of mobbing within an organizational culture
e. all
of the above
33. Several
states have acknowledged that mental injury can result from
excessive stress on the job and this
phenomenon has been called:
a. occupational
mental injury
b. overstress
syndrome
c. organizational
mental injury
d. mental
health injury
34. At
present there are several corporations that are establishing company
policies that support an individual’s right
to be employed in an environment
that is free from mobbing.
a. false,
it would never work
b. false
that is something for the future
c. true,
this is happening at present
d. none
of the above are correct
35. Professional
roles within an organizational culture are constructed in response
to which of the following?
a. professional
practices
b. institutional
expectations
c. personal
needs
d. both
a and b are correct
e. all
of the above
7

l.

36. Pro bono publico refers to what?
a. working
as a counselor for the state, or county and serving the
general public
b. being
an expert witness at a criminal trial
c. serving
a client at no charge
d. none
of the above
e. a
spanish speaking counselor
37. It
is standard practice to destroy case records generally years after
services have been terminated.
a. 10-12

b. 4-6

c. 8-10

d. none
of the above
38. Regarding
the ethical issues surrounding complimentary and alternative
medicine, which of the following statements
is true?
a. The
current status quo does not include a “don’t ask/don’t tell”
approach.
b. Managed
care typically never rei mburses for CAMs.
c. CAM
advocates may be denying the role of traditional medicine.
d. Individuals
who choose CAMs as a treatment forfeit their right to
autonomy.
39. Areas of major ethical concern in
working with people with HIV include:
a. stigma

b. informed
consent
c. confidentiality

d. both
band c are correct
40. A
rehabilitation counselor working for a managed care company is concerned
about the limitations the company is
placing on the treatment of the clients
they are seeing. The next time this
counselor sees a client, they place a more
severe diagnosis in the clients chart in an
attempt to obtain an increased
number of counseling sessions. This
behavior is unethical and is considered
which of the following?
a. downcoding

b. underdiagnosing

c. bartering

d. bono
publico
e. overdiagnosing

8

m.

41. Passive euthanasia would best be
defined as:
a. rational
suicide
b. intentional
termination of life
c. mercy
killing
d. none
of the above
42. The
study of the entire set of human genes, the assembly of the gene
sequence, gene expression and the relationship
between different gene
sequences is called:
a. genomics

b. genetics

c. human
genome project
d. genetic
decoding
e. none
of the above
43. A
type of test administration that especially does not transfer well to
computerized assessment is:
a. vocational
interest testing
b. aptitude
testing
c. personality
testing
d. none
of the above
44. According
to the text, which of the following is (are) the most likely reason(s)
why counselors may not purchase adequate
computer safety systems to
protect cl ient data?
a. ignorance

b. presumed
unlikelihood of unethical file disclosure
c. amount
of installation time required
d. a
and b only
e. all
of the above
45. HIPPA
rules require that the counselor disclose policies related to the use
and disclosure of protected health
information and that this occur:
a. within
24 hours of the first treatment contact
b. within
48 hours of the first treatment contact
c. within
a week of the first treatment contact
d. none
of the above
9

n.

46. The
ethical codes of APA and ACA require computer assisted assessment
software developers to provide empirical
evidence of safety and effectiveness
prior to making claims as to the
effectiveness of their product. What is the
situation regarding ethical standards on
the provision of evidence before
developers of self-help or therapeutic
software market this material?
a. They
must provide evidence of superior results when compared to in-vivo
counseling.
b. They
must provide evidence of training for counselors prior to use.
c. They
must provide evidence of safety and effectiveness.
d. No
evidence of safety and effectiveness is required.
47. As
defined by NBCC and others, the practice of professional counseling and
information delivery that occurs when the
client(s) and counselor are in
separate or remote locations and utilize
electronic means to communicate
over the I nternet is best defined as:
a. techno
intervention
b. web
therapy
c. web
counseling
d. unethical

48. These
terms are outdated and possibly harmful concepts, but were previously
used in counselor training programs several
decades ago.
a. minority

b. race

c. multiculturalism

d. a
and b only
e. none
of the above
49. The
tendency to treat others relative to one’s own cultural perspective with an
apparent disregard for cultural differences
is called:
a. cultural
bias
b. cultural
deficit
c. multiculturalism

d. none
of the above
50. As
a counselor you provide counseling services to individuals from different
cultures than your own. You would be
providing this type of counseling:
a. cultural

b. cl
ient centered
c. transcultural

d. cross-cultural

10

o.

51. As
a second generation Polish American counselor in a rural mental health
center that serves a primarily Hispanic
population you are frequently involved
in helping relationships with individuals
who have a socially constructed
worldview that differs from your own. You
would be providing this type of
cou nse ling:
a. multicultural

b. transcultural

c. bi-cultural

d. client
centered
e. none
of the above
52. A
professional advocacy issue related to social justice of which counselors
need to be aware when examining data
obtained from the U.S. Census of
2000 is the:
a. identification
of single race only status
b. exclusion
of Asian populations as a racial category
c. inclusion
of three or more races category
d. exclusion
of Latino populations as a racial category
53. Due
to the lack of clarity in professional codes of ethics related to
multicultural situations, counselors may
find themselves faced with engaging
in:
a. responsible
disobedience
b. dual
relationships
c. illegal
activity
d. immoral
activity
e. both
a and d
54. A
counselor who utilizes the terms culturally disadvantaged or cultural deficit
may cause harm by:
a. using
terms that are stigmatizing and cause emotional damage
b. placing
a psychological assignment on individuals or a group that may
impact their perceived ability to meet or
exceed members of a dominate
group
c. causing
the counselor to have increased and inappropriate expectations
of a client
d. all
of the above
11

p.

55. Imperative to the field of marriage and
family therapy is the idea of:
a. psychoanylitic
theory
b. the
‘traditional’ family
c. systemic
relationships
d. all
of the above
56. Which association has the
“clinical member” category of membership?
a. APA

b. IAMFC

c. ACA

d. AAMFC

e. none
of the above
57. The
idea of was affirmed by the
Declaration of Helsinki, after Nazi
doctors at concentration camps were found
to have done harmful experiments
on ethnic groups.
a. informed
consent
b. confidentiality

c. moral
responsibility
d. the
Hippocratic Oath
e. none
of the above
58. Which
is NOT one of the interventions that school counselors use to
provide direct services in their school?
a. counseling

b. collaboration
with teachers
c. coordination

d. consu
Itation
e. none
of the above
59. Arnold
v. Board of Education of Escambia County (1989) was a court
decision regarding what?
a. a
counselor having inappropriate sexual relations with a student
b. a
counselor giving a student advice on abortion
c. a
counselor withholding information about a threat which was made from
a client towards another person which
resulted in that person’s death
d. a
counselor failing to notify authorities of a student’s intent of suicide
e. none
of the above
12

q.

60. In
determining what action a counselor should take in ethical dilemmas
presented by potentially detrimental
relationships, which step to come to a
conclusion is NOT listed in your text?
a. Think
carefully
b. Consult
the necessary codes and experts
c. Identify
the ethical issues
d. Temporarily
suspend the relationship until a conclusion is made
e.
none of the above
6l. Which of the following activities
potentially could be viewed as an instance
of self harm?
a. reckless
sexual behavior
b. cult
membership
c. eating
disorder
d. all
of the above are correct
e. on
Iy a and c are correct
62. Which
statement is true regarding the federal regulations about minor
students and substance abuse treatment?
a. The
student may go though the entire treatment process without the
parents’ knowledge.
b. Parents
automatically must be notified of the student’s enrollment in
treatment, but not progress.
c. Parents
must be notified of the student’s enrollment only if the parent
requests this information.
d. none
of the above is correct
63. A mental status examination:
a. involves
placing electrodes on the individual’s scalp to monitor brain
activity
b. involves
feeling the individual’s scalp to assess lumps or bumps that may
i nd icate over development of the brai n
c. is
a structured interview designed to promote raising the person’s status to
a higher mental level
d. is
a structured interview designed to provide a controlled interpersonal
setting for the emergence of signs and
symptoms of a mental disorder
13

r.

64. The
organization most representative of the mental health counselor’s
interests is the:
a. AMCAH

b. ACA

c. NBCC

d. AAMFT

e. none
of the above
65. As
per your text, which is NOT one of the roles of the mental health
counselor?
a. rehabilitation

b. remediation
of maladaption
c. improving
quality of life
d. prevention
of problems
e. none
of the above
66. Which
of the following is NOT one of the three core factors in vocational
choice?
a. knowledge
of occupations
b. the
ability to understand relationships between self and information
about occupations
c. effective
decision making skills
d. clear
self understanding
67. To
practice career counseling according to the minimum ethical standards
established by NCDA, counselors must
demonstrate proficiency in:
a. rehabilitation
counseling
b. psychoanalysis
and psychotherapy
c. career
counseling competencies
d. psychoanalysis

e. all
of the above
68. This
is granted only through statute and legal precedent and the types of
professionals covered by this privilege
vary by jurisdiction.
a. confidentiality

b. privileged
communication
c. therapeutic
communication
d. counseling
relationship
14

69. According
to Pope (1999) when clients first present for career counseling it
is
important to assess how much involvement both the is
(are) needed by the client in their
decision making process.
a. extended
family and community
b. potential
employer and former employer
c. significant
other and children
d. former
employer and family
e. none
of the above
70. As
a counselor, if the ethical values at your place of employment are in
conflict with your professional ethics,
what should you do?
a. Stay
on the job because there are some things you cannot change.
b. Seriously
consider resigning from your position.
c. Talk
with your co-workers about their thoughts.
d. Nothing,
for there is nothing you can do about corporate culture.
71. The
person who is credited historically with defining practice in the field of
career or vocational guidance is:
a. Talcott
Parsons
b. Parson
Talcott
c. Parson
Frank
d. none
of the above
72. Clients
of career counselors who are members of the NCDA (and thereby
bound by the NCDA Ethical Standards), but
who receive career counseling
in schools, colleges or universities where
the counselor is not required to
be licensed by the state, should be
primarily concerned with limits of:
a. privacy

b. responsibility

c. maintenance
of records
d. privileged
communication
e. none
of the above
73. Related
to privileged communication and group counseling, privileged
communication:
a. may
not stand, depending on the wording of the relevant statutes and
case law
b. historically
has been respected in group counseling
c. can
be guaranteed in all cases with a licensed professional
d. prevents
gossip about cases to uninvolved third parties in informal
settings
15

s.

74. If a group of minors is being
counseled, the parents of the minors:
a. must
respect the counselor/client privilege of confidentiality
b. have
the right to information about the nature and content of counseling
c. have
the right to attend a group session as a chaperone
d. all
of the above
75. CRCC provides code of ethics
enforcement for which of the following?
a. individual
members of ACA and ARCA
b. individuals
who hold the CRCC certification
c. individual
members of NRA and NRCA
d. individuals
who hold the CRC certification
76. If
the counselor holds the culturally dominant high level of value regarding
trad itiona I work, he or she may not react
positively to i nd ivid ua Is who wish to
work in which area?
a. factory
setti ngs
b. in-home
as caregivers
c. only
part time to pursue avocational interests
d. all
of the above
e. band
conly
77. The
collaborative consortium of key rehabilitation counseling professional
organizations formed in 2004 is the:
a. Alliance
for Rehabilitation Counseling
b. American
Rehabilitation Counselors United
c. National
Rehabilitation Association
d. Rehabilitation
Counseling Consortium
78. The two major professional
organizations for rehabilitation counselors are:
a. ARCAA
and NRCA
b. APA
and ARCA
c. ARCA
and NRCAA
d. ARCAA
and NRC
e. none
of the above
16

t.

79. According
to the CRC code of ethics, counselors are discouraged from having
any sexual relationships with former
clients, however the code does bar such
a relationship before what period of time
has passed?
a. 1
year
b. 3
years
c. 5
years
d. 10
years
e. sexual
relationships are NEVER allowed with former clients
80. Addictions counseling requires:
a. no
training at all if one is a recovering addict
b. a
graduate degree in psychology with a focus on addictions
c. only
a license (to practice ethically)
d. a
Bachelor’s degree
e. none
of the above
81. This
organization is the largest organization serving addiction counselors,
educators, and other health care
professionals who deal with addiction.
a. NAADAC

b. APA

c. ACA

d. NAADC

e. none
of the above
82. Twelve-step group members are:
a. required
by law to maintain confidentiality
b. involved
in groups directed and facilitated by professional counselors
c. required
by law to avoid dual relationships
d. none
of the above
83. The 12-step approach of Alcoholics
Anonymous has been:
a. discredited
by the majority of professionals because of the
religious nature of the program
b. shown
to be most effective when combined with professional
interventions
c. proven
to be effective only in the treatment of alcoholism, but
not with other addictions
d. none
of the above
17

u.

84. What
is the NBCC specialty designation for counseling professionals who
work primarily with addiction?
a. MAC

b. NBCCA

c. NAADAC

d. none
of the above
85. How
many elements MUST be included to make a consent to release
information form valid?
a. 4

b. 6

c. 8

d. 10

e. none
of the above
86. Which
is NOT a setting listed in your text where substance abuse treatment
may be delivered?
a. outpatient
setting
b. residential

c. alternative
health clinic
d. none
of the above
87. How
many of the criteria for substance dependence must be present for the
diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence?
a. two

b. four

c. six

d. none
of the above
88. Which
is NOT one of the requirements for the Master Addiction Counselor
credential?
a. 500
hours of substance abuse training
b. 3
years of full-time supervised experience in the field
c. Passing
score on the nation exam
d. Doctora
I degree
e. none
of the above
18

v.
–
Professional Eth ics and the Law
89. A
counselor is supervising a student counselor providing services in a
community mental health center. They have
open communication and review
the student’s case files on a daily and
weekly basis. The student had a client
he felt had the potential for suicide,
however he didn’t know what to do. He
asked his supervisor for advice. The
supervisor informed him that he had
worked with this client for an extensive
period of time and the client had
demonstrated manipulative attention seeking
behaviors with various
personnel employed at the agency. The
client winds up committing suicide
by jumping off a freeway overpass, and in
the process kills an innocent
driver. The victim’s family, upon learning
the jumper had threatened suicide
before decides to bring charges against the
mental health center. Who is
ultimately responsible for failing to
protect the client from harm to himself?
a. the
student
b. the
supervisor
c. both
the student and the supervisor equally
d. ultimately
the supervisor but also the student
90. On
an internship a male student is being supervised by a female. On a
consistent basis the supervisor makes
remarks in a joking manner that focus
on the student’s bulging muscles, gorgeous
tanned skin, physique and other
personal qualities. The student feels as if
he is in a difficult situation since
he doesn’t want to fail his internship but
feels uncomfortable about the
comments his supervisor frequently makes.
This student is being confronted
with:
a. sexual
assault
b. sexual
harassment
c. dual
relationship
d. no
professional restrictions to date his supervisor
91. To
reduce the potential for ethical conflicts to occur within supervision, a
supervisor can:
a. use
professional disclosure statements
b. supervise
only in a group setting
c. develop
formal supervision plans
d. both
a and c are correct
92. Which
of the following is (are) effective suggestions for supervisors to
consider to avoid malpractice lawsuits?
a. possess
appropriate knowledge, skill and work habits
b. foster
healthy, respectful relationships
c. have
keen knowledge of self
d. all
of the above
19

w.

93. To be considered a qualified clinical
supervisor, individuals in the field are
required to:
a. complete
12 semester hours of graduate-level coursework in supervision
b. be
a licensed clinician for a period of at least 10 years
c. have
a Doctoral degree
d. a
and b only
e. none
of the above
94. A
student counselor is providing services to a client and audiotapes each of
the sessions for individual review with
their supervisor and group review with
their fellow students. The client was not
informed that their counselor was
a student in training or of the purpose of
the audiotaping. The supervisor and
supervisee have violated which of the
following?
a. client
informed consent
b. client
confidentiality
c. supervisee
confidentiality
d. both
a and b are correct
95. The
ACS identifies content areas that
training in clinical supervision
must include.
a. 5

b. 9

c. 13

d. 26

96. Related
to potential ethical situations, supervisors often have which of the
following concerns?
a. Most
code of professional ethics have limited information regarding
su pervision.
b. The
supervisor must constantly examine the ethical issues that impact
both the client and the supervisee.
c. Regulations
for clinical supervisors provided are ambiguous from a legal
perspective.
d. both
a and b are correct
20

x.

97. Which is NOT one of Handelsman’s seven
themes of positive ethics?
a. values
and virtues
b. sensitivity
and integration
c. ethics
as innate self-care
d. ethical
reasoning and decision making
e. none
of the above
98. After
a hearing, a license board makes a decision which could include
consequences. Which of the following is NOT
a consequence as listed in your
text?
a. paying
a fine
b. revocation
of a license
c. probation

d. reprimand

e. none
of the above
99. Which
of the following sources of ethical information has been given the
highest rating by certified counselors?
a. ACA
ethical code
b. ACA
Ethics Committee
c. ACA
Journal of Counseling and Development
d. all
of the above
e. a
and conly
100. Licensure
and certifying bodies will keep complaints of ethical misconduct
confidential, unless:
a. the
complainant formally requests public revelation of the complain.
b. it
is a case of sexual misconduct, in which case there is always revelation
of a complaint.
c. the
jurisdiction requires hearings of such complaints open to the public.
d. never,
they are always open to the public throughout the United States.