In 1919, diplomatic practice as the world had known it was about to change. This change would be brought about by a culmination of factors, including but not limited to: advances in communication and transportation technology, the ending of WWI and, most notably, the coming together of world leaders at the inaugural Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. Two precedents were set during this conference: […]

Understanding the nature of war is central to the study of politics and international relations. Among the many objectives of scholarship is to define, explain and predict violent conflict, to understand the nature of violent conflict and to implement effective policies for conflict prevention, resolution and reconciliation. Thus, theorising about the dynamics, causes, implications, trends and patterns of violent conflict has become a primary purpose […]

Human interaction is on pace of increasing day by day with the help of new technology. We first were comfortable interacting at local, then at national and now expanding to international level. It’s not only interaction but we are expanding our business at international level. Thus the word used “Globalization”. Globalization is a major driving force for this change the companies in this marketplace are […]

There is a joke about a Private in the U.S. army who went to a psychiatrist to be cured of an apparent inferiority complex. It goes like this: Private Milton went to psychiatrist and complained: “I have an inferiority complex.” After studying his case the doctor said, “Nothing I can do for you. In the Army, privates don’t have an inferiority complex, they’re just inferior” […]

The Audacity of Hope The Audacity of Hope is President (then senator) Barack Obama’s call for an innovative kind of politics – a politics that joins Americans together, building upon and reclaiming the American dream. In this tell all book, Obama candidly reminisces upon his family life, childhood and religious convictions that helped define his present day political beliefs. In a time where so much […]

With the nations throughout the world vast becoming ethnically and culturally diverse, the perspectives at every rung of the corporate ladder have dramatically changed. The last few years have seen significant alterations in the needs, ideals and priorities of both the employees and employers. A diversified workforce once considered a social responsibility in the otherwise profit driven competitive organizations, wherein the social responsibility and competitiveness […]

An election, to most, is a vote taken to determine who and what party will hold office for the government in question for a set term. Though this is accurate, an election is also a reflection of not only the government and the people to which that government supports, but in fact the entire world at that time. The year of 1916 was one of […]

Abstract This dissertation provides a fresh and detailed account of the problematic aspect of the US oil dependency on the Middle East. The emphasis of this extensive analysis is to present the influence of oil on the United States foreign policies regarding the Middle East. This is one of the most important and controversial contemporary issues not only relating the US foreign politics, Middle Eastern […]

In the words of Fernand Braudel, For many years the USSR had lived under a political dictatorship, without freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of association or freedom to strike, with a single. disciplined, ‘monolithic’ Party”(Braudel, “A History of Civilizations, pg17). Totalitarianism is often the term used to describe the system of government that existed in Russia during the era of the Soviet […]

This study is an analysis of the Federalism in Pakistan which is of one of the most important topics that requires detailed analysis for its failures and ambiguity. This paper develops a conceptual outline to analyze the problem of responsibility which depends on democracy and to identify different ways to overcome it. An important proposal derived from this outline is that effective federalism can be […]