TITLE: Impact of Women Involvement In Governance and Political Leadership, Towards the Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria: 1999 – 2012.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY:
The focus of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the impact of the Nigerian woman in the involvement in governance and Political Leadership towards the sustainable democracy in the last three dispensations 1999-2012. It is no doubt that in such a patriarchal society as our women expenses such a large percentages of discrimination and marginalization in their quest for active participation. However, despite the recorded achievements of women’s rights advocates such as Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Margaret Ekpo, and Gambo Sawaba, there continues to be an underrepresentation of Nigerian women in leadership and political positions (Asase, 2003; Qualls, 2003).
Various challenges such as gender roles and stereotypes as well as structure of the political environment in Nigeria militate against the full participation of women in political and public life. Additionally, severe hindrances of gender inequality such as the underrepresentation and discrimination as a result of cultural, social, and political norms empower men at their expense (Okome, 2006; Okunna, 1996). As a result women are struggling to gain access, have a presence or be influential in the political process of the country. They are often in a poorer position than their male counterparts in the various spheres of politics. Though a growing number of women are members of the various political parties in Nigeria, very few occupy executive positions in these parties, only very few are given the opportunity to contest for elective positions and even fewer are appointed as members of the ruling cabinet.
To this end, the findings from this research may provide the following information to; to provide strategies to help decision-makers reevaluate or develop programs designed to improve the quality of life for Nigerian women towards active participation, to provide enabling channel for the empowering of Nigerian women towards gender equality as well as those in similar societies as they continue striving to obtain gender equity. To provide insights regarding the importance of including women in governance and Political leadership roles.
Finally the study will also explore the various influences and presence of women in the last three dispensation in Nigeria and the roles they have played towards sustainable democracy in the country despite the little opportunity they are given.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The inferiority complex of the Nigerian women as to their active political involvement and representation constitute the crux of this Research. The gender stereotyping in Nigeria’s political system today has its genesis from the onset of colonialism in Nigeria. Making the western cultural notion of colonialism tied towards a patriarchal society which in turn is reflected in its male superiority within the Nigerians society today. The most crucial element of this research is that women are, and have been marginalized as well as sidelined in the political spheres of things in Nigeria and this current situation might cause some dangerous national catastrophe if not adequately managed. Indeed, women’s political involvement during the colonial times till date have contributed greatly towards shaping the Nigerian politics not only in democratic governance; but also during the pre-colonial era. Therefore, it will be unreasonable, and cruel to wish away the critical efforts of women in the making of Nigerian state while arrogating political powers to the male folk. It is also unjust to ascribe political seats only for the male folks in this state of globalization where the world is evolving and where the role, influence and charismatic preposition of the women in global politics is considered to be relevance and importance towards attainment of overall world peace, mutual co-existence and tranquility. In line with this I will be taking a look at the various stages of Nigerian political history and how women has been in some ways impacted to the sustainable democracy in Nigeria even when they are unimaginably sidelined, additionally ways to encourage their full participation into political posts in the country without prejudice.
AIMS/PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The followings are the reasons why I decided to embark on this research
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
SCOPE OF STUDY:
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
According to Ogbeide (1996), hypothesis testing is a fundamental in activity in qualitative data analysis. The statement of a hypothesis take two means: null (H0) and research (H1). While null hypothesis indicates that there is no relationship between the variables under study, the research hypothesis indicated that there is a relationship between the variables. In this study two hypotheses will be tested as shown below:
Hypothesis 1
H1: Women Involvement in Governance and Political Leadership, has been impactful towards the Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria
H0: Women Involvement in Governance and Political Leadership, have not been impactful towards the Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria
Hypothesis 2
H1: Women participation in decision-making will help faster development of the nation
H0: Women participation in decision-making will not help the faster development of the nation.
METHODOLOGY:
THEORETÄ°CAL FRAMEWORK
A BRIEF OUTLINE: (THESIS STRUCTURE)
This study will comprise of six chapters. The introductory chapter which will provide us with an overview of what the research is going to be, the objectives, literature review, research method and also samples arguments on why gender equality in politics is essential. Chapter two examines of the historical dimension and position of women in Nigerian political history dating back to its precolonial, colonial as well as postcolonial times till date. It seeks to creates insight on the various contributions of women in governance though Nigerian political history which will help the focus of this research. The third chapter will analysis the data collected based on the field research, and opinion of selected respondents via interviews and questionnaires. Chapter four on the other hand will be focusing on the impact of women involvement in Nigerian politics vis-a-viz their quest for political participation. This chapter equally introduces the three major political parties in Nigeria; and using them as case study in order to fully capture the scope of political transition period, this research analyzes the contributions of political parties towards the poor participation and representation of women since independence till date. It highlights their role in representative democracy such as practiced in Nigeria today as well as various avenues they use to hamper women’s advancement in politics.
Furthermore the fifth chapter will be taking a broader insight into the impact, ways and contributions adopted by the women in Nigeria in the last dispensations to encourage gender equality in political scene, the various national as well as international policies amongst other things and how these measures have been implemented. This chapter will also analyze the impact these measures have had on women advancement in the country’s politics as well as the hindrances they have been face with. Finally, the concluding chapter, will highlight some observations, recommendations on the findings as well as recommendations from various respondents for further research study.
ORGANIZATION OF CHAPTERS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Reference
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction- Women in Nigerian Politics: An Overview
2.2 The 1979 and 1999 Nigerian Constitution and the Status of the Nigerian Woman in politics
2.3 Women in Pre-colonial Nigeria
2.4 Women in Colonial Nigeria
2.5 Women in Nigeria Today
2.6 The Problem of Colonial Legacy to Women’s Involvement in Nigeria Politics
2.6 Ferminist Theory in Perspctive
2.7 Arguments for gender-balanced Representation
Reference
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY (DATA PRESENTAION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population
3.4 Sample and Sampling technique
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.5.1 Personal Interview
3.5.2 Questionnaire
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Response to Questionnaire
3.8 Tabular Design of Questionnaire
3.9 Statistical Test of Hypotheses
3.10 Interpretation of Hypothesis
3.11 Summary
Reference
CHAPTER FOUR: CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS TO THE LEVEL OF WOMEN’S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA TODAY AND THE ROLE OF PARTY POLITICS
4.1 An Overview of the concept ‘Participation’ in politics
4.2 The rise and structure of political parties in Nigeria
4.3 A brief background of the three major political parties in Nigeria
4.4 The position of women in the Nigerian political parties
4.5 Ways political parties inhibit women in Nigerian politics
Reference
CHAPTER FIVE: CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN TO NIGERIAN POLITICS
5.1 Impacts of Nigerian Women Involvement in Nigerian Politics towards Sustainable Democracy
5.2 Barriers and Hinderances to Women Involvement women in Nigerian politics
5.3 Actors role in increasing women‟s political participation
5.4 Other contributions towards women empowerment and gender equality in Nigeria
Reference
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Summary
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Recommendations
6.4 Recommendations for Further Studies
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