HIS 274 test 1

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Question 1(2 points)
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The medieval idea that
Christians took the place of Jews as God’s chosen people is known as the:
Question 1 options:

Aryan supremacy myth

Crusader ideal

Supersession Myth

Christian inheritance myth

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Question 2(2 points)
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A preconceived
negative & unfavorable opinion formed against ‘another’ person or group,
based on a stereotype, & held in disregard of the facts; suspicion,
intolerance, or irrational hatred of other races, creeds, religions, ethnic
groups, homosexuals, the poor, immigrants, etc.
Question 2 options:

Preference

Prejudice

Scapegoat

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Question 3(2 points)
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Jews are not a race,
as stated by the Nazis, but people who adhered to ______, a system of laws,
religion and culture of the Jews; with its concept of ethical/moral conduct
monotheism, had a major influence on Christianity, Islam, and Western
civilization
Question 3 options:

Paganism

Judaism

Buddhism

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Question 4(2 points)
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In Latin Christendom,
resentment and hatred was focused on the stereotype of the Jew possessed by the
Devil, having tails and horns, and symbol of Satan, because Christians saw Jews
as murderers of Christ, using Christian children’s blood for religious ceremonies,
and poisoning wells; this imagery of the Jew as Satan/the Devil, derives at
first from
Question 4 options:

Christian antisemitism in the
Middle Ages

Modern political antisemitism in
the 19th century

Himmler’s diary

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Question 5(2 points)
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Because Jews refused
to change their ways and convert during the Middle Ages, non-Jews wondered what
they should do about them. “What should we do about this Jewish minority
among us?” became:
Question 5 options:

The “Jewish Question”

The “Minority Question”

The “Antisemitic
Question”

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Question 6(2 points)
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A town areas where
Jews were segregated in the 16th century
Question 6 options:

The Jewish Quarter

Ghetto

The Jewish area

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Question 7(2 points)
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In his booklet Of the
Jews and Their Lies, __________ proposed to set on fire synagogues
Question 7 options:

Calvin

Luther

Hitler

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Question 8(2 points)
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From the end of the
18th c. & 19th c., and following the French Revolution and conquests
Question 8 options:

Jews achieved emancipation – legal
equality in most European lands

Jews left the ghetto & became
successful entrepreneurs, bankers, lawyers

a & b

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Question 9(2 points)
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Modern antisemitism
has the following contributing factors
Question 9 options:

The 19th c. exclusive romantic
movement emphasizing an exclusive nationalism

Racial nationalism, & the
class antagonism deriving from modern capitalism

a & b

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Question 10(2 points)
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In France, in 1886,
Edouard Drumont published one of the best-sellers of the 2nd half of the 19th
c., Jewish France, which argued that the Jews had gained control of France,
blamed the Jews for capitalism, attributed all the nation’s misfortunes to the
Jews, & accused them of deicide.
In 1894, this Jewish officer in the French army was falsely accused of treason
Question 10 options:

Alfred Dreyfus

The Baron of Rothschild

Theodor Herzl

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Question 11(2 points)
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In Poland, around the
middle of the 18th c., in the context of the Haidamak riots -attacks of
Ukrainian peasants against Jews, and dozens of blood libels, a new mystical
movement with joyful worship, arose within Judaism, founded by Israel Ba’al
Shem Tov (Besht)
Question 11 options:

Hassidism

the joyful movement

the mystical movement

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Question 12(2 points)
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Austrian Jewish
journalist, who, horrified by the antisemitism he witnessed in Paris during the
1894 trial of a French Jewish officer, founded Zionism – Jewish national
movement, for a return to Zion, symbolic name to the historic homeland of the
Jews
Question 12 options:

Barak

Herzl

Dreyfus

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Question 13(2 points)
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In the 19th c., the
German Romantic ‘Volkish’ movement excluded the Jews as strangers and
second-class citizens, because
Question 13 options:

It evoked the image of a mythical
golden past, with a supposed superiority

It produced an idealization of the
Middle Ages with Christian knights

a & b

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Question 14(2 points)
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The belief that race
in the 19th c., accounts for differences in human character or ability and that
a particular race is superior to others; discrimination or prejudice based on
race.
Question 14 options:

ethnocentrism

racism

antisemitism

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Question 15(2 points)
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German composer
(1813-83) who fueled racial difference theory; expressed a German nationalistic
terminology called volkisch (people-integral nation), in racist terms
Question 15 options:

Richard Wagner

Chopin

Strauss

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Question 16(2 points)
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Racialist volkish
thinkers claimed that the German race was purer than, and therefore superior
to, all other races, that
Question 16 options:

Intermarriage between races was
contamination

Jews were international
conspirators plotting to dominate the world

a & b

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Question 17(2 points)
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In the 19th c., a
traditional, biased Christian perception of Jews and Judaism was supplemented
by national-racial considerations. In mid-19th c., this Frenchman, Arthur de
Gobineau, published Essay on the Inequality of Human Races; this author saw in
what he called the ‘Aryan’ race -blond, tall, blue-eyed, a cultural people
___________ to the others
Question 17 options:

superior

inferior

equal

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Question 18(5 points)
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Modern German
antisemitism was based on
Question 18 options:

religion

nationalism, racism, & false
racial theories

racism

a and c

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Question 19(2 points)
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Whereas Christian
anti-Judaism believed that through conversion, Jews could escape the curse of
their religion, racial antisemites said that Jews were indelibly stained &
condemned
Question 19 options:

Because they are guilty of deicide

By their genes: their evil derived
from inherited racial characteristics

a and b

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Question 20(2 points)
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Antisemitism:
‘modern,’ ‘scientific’ term for Jew-hatred & anti-Jewish movement and
ideology, in a secular society; (calling Jews a physically and mentally
inferior group); this term was first coined & used by this German racial
thinker____, in 1879
Question 20 options:

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Marr

Alfred Dreyfus

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Question 21(2 points)
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German land, in the
end of the 19th century, saw the rise of political anti-Semitism (using Jews as
scapegoat for political & economic problems in order to gain political
power); the radical right in political parties
Question 21 options:

Saw Jew-hatred as a popular
formula for mobilizing all social classes

Manufactured the myth of the
wicked Jew

a & b

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Question 22(2 points)
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In the 1920s, the
Nazis exploited this book, ____________________, a notorious forgery and a myth
about a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world, to justify persecution of the
Jews.
Question 22 options:

The Protocols of the Elders of
Zion

Jewish France

The Jewish Conspiracy

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Question 23(2 points)
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This famous forgery
about an international Jewish plot to rule the world, was introduced to the US
by
Question 23 options:

Franklin Roosevelt

Henry Ford

Harry Truman

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Question 24(4 points)
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On June 28, 1919, the
____ signed with Germany, ended WWI – the Great War, & had profound &
far-reaching impact on the infant German republic that had to pay heavy
reparations.
Question 24 options:

Treaty of Berlin

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of verdun

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Question 25(2 points)
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The Germans hated the
1919 Treaty ending World War I, because of article 231:
Question 25 options:

The ‘Proud Clause’ proclaiming the
victory of the Allies

The ‘War Guilt Clause’ blaming
them for causing the war

The “War Reparations
Clause”

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Question 26(2 points)
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According to this
treaty, Germany also lost her colonies and large portions of German territory:
Alsace-Lorraine to France, and section of Prussia to the new
Question 26 options:

Polish state

French state

Italian state

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Question 27(2 points)
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After the Great War
(World War I), Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD)
proclaimed the establishment of a German democratic state known as
___________________; it was the first time democracy came to Germany; this
government which preceded that of the Nazi party, lasted 14 years, 1919-1933.
Question 27 options:

The Weimar Republic, new
government of the moderate Left.

The Kaiser Republic, new
government of the extreme right

The Kaiser Republic, new
government of the extreme left

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Question 28(2 points)
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In 1919, Germany was a
centralized democratic state ruled by a Reichstag (Parliament); the president
appointed the leader of the majority party in the Reichstag as
Question 28 options:

Kaiser

Chancellor

Fuhrer

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Question 29(2 points)
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General Ludendorff
explained that the German army was defeated in 1918 by Democrats, Catholic
Center party, Socialists and Jews, by an internal enemy; this ______ legend was
used by Hitler and the Nazis to undermine the new German democratic government.
Question 29 options:

stab in the back

stab in the ankle

Jewish stab

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Question 30(2 points)
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Major Ernst Rohm,
typical Freikorps, became leader of the Nazi brown Storm Troops (Sturmabteilung
– paramilitary armed formation of the right, composed of vigilantes war
veterans, founded by Hitler to protect party gatherings) or the
Question 30 options:

SA

SM

NST

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Question 31(2 points)
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After Hitler joined a
small Volkisch party in 1919, the name of the party was changed to the National
Socialist German Worker’s party – the Nationalsozialisticsche Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP – or
Question 31 options:

the Nazi party

the Deutsche party

the NDA party

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Question 32(2 points)
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While in prison,
Hitler wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf
Question 32 options:

My Struggle

My dream

My country

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Question 33(5 points)
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Hitler’s goal was to
create a vast empire, based on racial nationalism, ruled by a master race
Question 33 options:

A 1000-year Reich

A 100-year empire

A 100-year Reich

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Question 34(5 points)
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Hitler and the Nazis
believed that: the Aryans, being a superior race, were meant by nature to rule
over the rest of the earth, and are entitled to take others’ land; Germany must
find ___________ – living space -, for the superior German culture and people.
Question 34 options:

Lebensraum

Mein Kampf

Blitzkrieg

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Question 35(2 points)
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_______would emerge
out of a radical right-wing ultra nationalist politics; it was the totalitarian
racist ideology and policies, espoused by Hitler and his National Socialist
German Worker’s Party’s from 1920-45
Question 35 options:

Nazism

Fascism

Consservatism

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Question 36(5 points)
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New York stock
Exchange collapsed in 1929; unemployment was high; the extremist parties were
more attractive because of this worldwide economic crisis: _____
Question 36 options:

the Great Depression

the Great Inflation

The Great Economic Crisis

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Question 37(2 points)
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Nazi propaganda tied
the nonhuman _____ to ‘internationalism,’ and blamed them for all the evils of
the world, democracy, inflation, unemployment, political instability and
Communism, as well as Germany’s defeat in the Great War.
Question 37 options:

Slavs

Jews

French

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Question 38(5 points)
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The Nazi Party
Platform and Nazi propaganda were
Question 38 options:

Anti-Versailles Treaty – attacked
the ‘November criminals,’ against reparations

Anti-Bolshevik, anti-liberal,
anti-democratic, racist and antisemitic

For idea of nationalism &
volkisch ideology

All the above

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Question 39(2 points)
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Nazi propaganda
depicted Hitler as a savior sent by destiny, and promising
Question 39 options:

Economic recovery – putting an end
to the hyperinflation

To regain Germany’s ‘proper place’
– restoring Germany’s strength & pride

a & b

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Question 40(5 points)
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In 1932, the
right-wing elites, industrial magnates, landed aristocrats, military
establishment, & higher bureaucrats believed that Hitler would save Germany
and their positions from a Communist takeover. On Jan. 30, 1933, President
Hindenburg agreed to allow Hitler to become
Question 40 options:

President

Chancellor and create a new
government

Kaiser

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