The 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia in 1998 was marked by a flurry of conferences and publications by historians, but it was largely ignored in the discipline of international relations (IR). This oversight is odd because in IR the end of the Thirty Years’ War is regarded as the beginning of the international system with which the discipline has traditionally dealt. Indeed, the […]

The course of modern democratization is actually far more difficult than Huntington suggests in his theory, the Third Wave of Democratization. In fact, this theory fails to elucidate very different explanations for democratization. First of all, it is required to make a separation as to the causes of democratization. Secondly, the wave approach takes for granted that there is now a global movement to establish […]

The long-term issues surrounding the Murray Darling Basin provide an excellent case study with which to review federalism in Australia. This paper will explore the history of the Murray Darling Basin management, the relationships it has fostered and examine why success has been achieved where other national issues have failed. Federalism in Australia To provide context for this case study it is useful to define […]

In President Reagans remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals, he uses the association with the Convention, appeals to a common ethical background and relevant historical examples to persuade the Convention to be involved in politics and to persuade the American public that the conflict against the communism is a matter of good versus evil in an attempt to solicit more […]

With the 2012 United States presidential elections over, President Obama won a second term in office defeating Republican rival Governor Romney. The President won 332 electoral votes while the Governor won 206 (Huffington Post). This paper will look at why the election results occurred as they did. The key discussion will revolve on “subjective grounds” that take on a “candidate centric” approach as to why […]

O Poder Local e a Descentralização em Cabo Verde Introdução Com os actuais processos de globalização, a mudança social no sentido da maior liberdade e equidade não mais poderia ter no poder central seu protagonista. Essa é a razão de a questão do poder local vir ganhando espaço nas teorizações recentes. Ampliar a democracia, portanto, implica redimensionar a participação do cidadão no quotidiano da política. […]

Since the collapse of Soviet Union, and the end of cold war has brought significant political and economic changes to the Northeast Asian region. For instance, the concept of security has switched to non-conventional factors such as energy security and enlarging economic interdependence to a great extent. In other words, Mongolia, Japan and China are seeking diversified, environmentally friendly and reliable supplies to support their […]

Was the bipolarity of the Cold War more stable than the unipolarity of today? The Cold War had an impact all around the globe and changed the essence of international relations. The end of the Cold War, most prominently marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9th November 1989, lifted the ‘Iron curtain’ and let in ideas and hope for freedom, democracy and […]

The Compromise of 1877, consisted of a deal between the Republicans and the Democrats to resolve the disagreement of the results of the presidential election of 1876. The election was between democrat Samuel J. Tiden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Tiden lead the election with 203 – 165 votes in electoral votes over Hayes. During the election, fraud and violence throughout some states left 20 […]

This essay debates that pluralism is not an accurate analysis of the contemporary British state. Mainly due to the concentration of power within a certain mass of groups as well as having the majority of groups not being able to influence the current British state when making decisions. It will do so through three stages. Firstly, it will examine pluralism as a theory of power. […]